Most occurred in Asia, Africa, and Latin America however, since 1990, four European conflicts-Chechnya, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and the former Yugoslavia-have caused more than 350,000 deaths. Since the Second World War, approximately 190 armed conflicts have occurred affecting ninety-two countries (WHO Federation of American Scientists). If one includes the major episodes of "collective violence," such as the Stalinist terror of the 1930s and the famine associated with the Great Leap Forward in China (1958–1960), this figure reaches 191 million (Rummel), with approximately 60 percent of these deaths occurring among noncombatants. During the twentieth century, an estimated 110 million people lost their lives as a result of armed conflicts (WHO).
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